海参多肽果冻的制备工艺研究

以海地瓜为原料,开展了海参多肽果冻制备工艺的研究。分别对卡拉胶、魔芋胶、柠檬酸、高麦芽糖浆等主要配方进行优化,获得海参多肽果冻的制备工艺为:5%的海参多肽液,0.3%卡拉胶,0.15%魔芋胶,0.06%柠檬酸,5.0%高麦芽糖浆,0.05%山梨酸钾。该产品营养价值高,感官性能良好,还具有一定的保健功能,为海参多肽的利用开辟了一条新途径。     

海洋多肽功能活性与氨基酸组成的研究进展

海洋生态系统具有高压高盐、常年低温低光照、营养寡且竞争大的特点,因此海洋生物在其生长与代谢过程中产生了大量化学结构特殊、生理活性与功能特殊的物质。其中,海洋生物活性多肽因具有抗高血压、抗氧化、抗凝血以及抗菌等活性,引起了研究者的极大兴趣。目前,从鱼类、贝类、甲壳类等动物中提取的生物多肽或类似物,部分已上市或已进入临床试验阶段。本文主要对这些生物多肽在功能性食品、营养食品和药物中的作用进行综述。     

The differences in behavioral responses to a net obstacle between day and night in captive manatees; does entanglement happen at night?

Entanglement in fishing gear occurs in endangered manatees and may result in serious injury or death. Such incidents may happen more frequently at night when the animal’s visual sense is limited. In this study, we examined the differences in behavioral response of captive manatees to a net obstacle during light (day) and dark (night) periods. We used a plastic net as the obstacle, and video-recorded the manatees’ behavior. The experiments showed that captive manatees avoided the obstacle during the day more frequently than at night, which suggests that the manatees can perceive the obstacle more readily during light periods. However, there was no difference in the frequency of bumping or actively touching the obstacle between light and dark periods. The results suggest that the manatees can recognize the net obstacle even at night by purposely touching it, but they avoid it less frequently, and that entanglement during light periods may occur during accidental bumping, rather than from a failure to recognize it altogether.     

Otolith microstructure of brown sole <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini</Emphasis>: validation of daily ring formation and the occurrence of microstructure denoting metamorphosis

Brown sole Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini larvae and juveniles were reared to validate daily otolith ring formation. At 15°C, a check (a distinct ring) formed on the sagittae and lapilli at 6 days after hatching, and clear increments regularly formed outside the check. For both otoliths, the relationship between the number of days after hatching and number of increments was linear, and the slope of the line was approximately 1; therefore, daily formation was validated. At 12°C, the check formed on the lapillus 8 days after hatching. Accessory primordia (AP) began forming on the sagittae of metamorphosing larvae, and the shape of the sagittae became complicated. AP were not formed on the lapillus; concentric rings were formed throughout larval and juvenile stages. Wide and obscure increments formed on the lapilli during metamorphosis (metamorphosing zone, MZ). Based on MZ, concentric rings that have formed on the lapilli of juveniles can be separated into larval and juvenile rings. The morphs of large juveniles’ lapilli were bilaterally asymmetric, and the blind-side lapilli were most suitable for otolith microstructure analysis. This study provides fundamental information for otolith microstructure analysis in wild brown sole.     

Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare infection in a captive white eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) at a Japanese zoo

An adult male white eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) at a Japanese zoo exhibited lethargy and emaciation. Microscopic examination of a blood smear revealed a haemosporidian parasitic infection. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the parasite, it was identified as Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare. This is the first report of P. juxtanucleare infection in bird species belonging to the genus Crossoptilon. Caution against avian malaria infection is required for the conservation of endangered bird species in zoos.